La Revanche d’Erdoğan

Comment la Turquie redessine le Moyen-Orient


L’effondrement du gouvernement de Bachar al-Assad en décembre 2024 n’a pas constitué, pour le président turc Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, un simple bouleversement régional ; il a marqué plutôt l’aboutissement d’une ambition géopolitique longuement mûrie et nourrie par des aspirations néo-ottomanes. Tandis que l’influence iranienne se retirait et que Moscou se concentrait sur ses propres difficultés intérieures, le Levant s’est trouvé en proie à un vide de pouvoir que la Turquie a exploité pour rétablir son autorité sur des terres autrefois ottomanes.

Pour comprendre cette stratégie, il convient d’examiner les fondements idéologiques qui l’inspirent. Héritier du Mouvement de la Vision nationale, l’AKP cultive une conception de l’ordre politique où la modernité laïque demeure suspecte. Le régime baassiste, dominé par les Alaouites, était ainsi perçu comme l’incarnation d’un sécularisme illégitime ; dès les années 1980, Ankara soutenait clandestinement la Confrérie des Frères musulmans syriens. Pourtant, la politique turque, loin de se réduire à cette grille idéologique, s’ajuste sans cesse à des impératifs de sécurité : la menace d’intervention de 1998 contre le soutien syrien au PKK en est l’illustration.

Cependant, cette posture doctrinale a connu une inflexion pragmatique durant la première décennie du règne d’Erdoğan. Déçue par l’échec de l’adhésion à l’Union européenne et ébranlée par la crise financière mondiale, Ankara prônait alors le « zéro problème avec les voisins », renforçant ses échanges commerciaux avec Damas. Ces liens — multiplication des corridors routiers, investissements industriels et circulation accrue des personnes — ont fourni ensuite à la Turquie un levier économique et des réseaux logistiques décisifs lorsque la guerre a éclaté.

Les bouleversements du Printemps arabe ont dès lors servi de catalyseur à l’ambition néo-ottomane. Si l’engagement turc en Syrie a souvent revêtu une dimension humanitaire, il visait en réalité un réalignement confessionnel et l’installation d’un pouvoir favorable à Ankara. Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) a bénéficié, à cet égard, non seulement d’un appui tacite mais aussi d’un soutien opérationnel documenté : gestion des points de passage frontaliers, évacuations médicales et postes de commandement interarmées. La patience stratégique d’Ankara a trouvé une application concrète dans l’usage opérationnel de drones dans la région d’Idlib et dans l’introduction de la livre turque ainsi que de programmes scolaires calqués sur ceux d’Ankara — autant d’instruments de soft power épaulés par de réelles capacités militaires.

Cette influence croissante suscite, en outre, d’importantes préoccupations pour Israël. En 2025, les services de renseignement israéliens ont constaté une recrudescence des vols de reconnaissance de drones depuis les zones tenues par la Turquie au sud d’Idlib ; ces activités coïncidaient avec des visites de hauts responsables du Hamas à Istanbul et la délivrance de passeports turcs à certains cadres. La proximité géographique et l’accès aux technologies de l’OTAN (rappelons que la Turquie est membre de l’Alliance) ouvrent des perspectives inquiétantes de transferts capacitaires vers des organisations hostiles voire terroristes.

Au-delà de ces risques bilatéraux, la politique d’Erdoğan met également à rude épreuve la cohésion atlantique. L’accueil de dirigeants du Hamas et du Jihad islamique palestinien contrevient à l’esprit de l’Alliance, même s’il ne déclenche pas l’article 5. De plus, l’acquisition des missiles S-400 auprès de la Russie et les veto turcs qui ont retardé certaines missions baltes témoignent de la capacité d’Ankara à paralyser les mécanismes de décision collective.

Sur le plan humanitaire, les espoirs européens d’un rapatriement massif des six millions de réfugiés syriens installés en Turquie se révèlent largement illusoires au regard des données disponibles. À peine 700 000 retours ont été enregistrés, souvent dans des conditions dénoncées comme coercitives par les ONG alors même que les études d’impact économique attestent de la contribution fiscale positive des populations syriennes en Allemagne. Le principe de non-refoulement, la persistance d’incidents armés et l’insuffisance des services de base dans les zones sous contrôle turc rendent illusoire toute perspective de retour sécurisé à grande échelle.

Du point de vue juridique, l’enchaînement des opérations turques — de l’opération « Bouclier de l’Euphrate » (2016-2017) à l’opération « Source de Paix » (2019) — interroge la frontière entre légitime défense et atteinte à la souveraineté. En combinant protection militaire, intégration économique et gestion administrative locale, la Turquie opère une annexion de fait, sans jamais la formuler officiellement. Bien qu’Ankara évite la confrontation directe avec Moscou et préserve un équilibre délicat avec Israël par pur calcul stratégique, ce pragmatisme géopolitique ne répond pas aux incertitudes concernant la pérennité de la présence militaire turque en Syrie ni aux exigences de régulation juridique internationale.

Enfin, au-delà des considérations géostratégiques, cette politique produit des effets bien réels sur les populations. L’Agence turque de gestion des catastrophes (AFAD) recense la construction de nouveaux abris mais les ONG pointent la faiblesse de l’accès à l’eau, l’ingérence sécuritaire au sein des conseils locaux et l’entrave aux opérations humanitaires. Ces observations rappellent que la rivalité entre puissances reste inextricablement liée aux conditions de vie des civils exposés aux incessantes recompositions des structures de gouvernance. 

En définitive, le projet néo-ottoman de la Turquie en Syrie, fondé sur une combinaison habile de soft power et de projection de force, intensifie la menace pesant sur la sécurité israélienne, fragilise la cohésion atlantique et complexifie la gouvernance migratoire en Europe. Les zones d’ombre qu’entraînent ces dynamiques — tant sur le plan régional que sur celui du droit international — appellent à une attention constante et coordonnée des décideurs politiques, des spécialistes en relations internationales et des acteurs humanitaires.

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The Liberty Values & Strategy Foundation: A Legacy Reborn

June 11, 2025 – 249 years ago, on this very date, history pivoted on the axis of human possibility.

June 11, 1776. The Continental Congress, meeting in the hallowed chambers of Independence Hall, appointed five extraordinary visionaries to a committee that would forever alter the trajectory of human civilization. Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston—men of profound intellect and unwavering conviction—were entrusted with the sacred task of drafting the Declaration of Independence. In that momentous decision, they established not merely a political document, but a philosophical foundation upon which the principles of liberty, self-governance, and human dignity would rest for generations yet unborn.

Today, We Stand at Another Threshold

On June 11, 2025—exactly 249 years later—the Liberty Values & Strategy Foundation emerges to carry forward the luminous torch of those founding principles into the complexities of our modern age. Just as Jefferson and his fellow committee members understood that true independence required both visionary thinking and strategic action, the Liberty Values & Strategy Foundation recognizes that preserving and advancing liberty in the 21st century demands sophisticated analysis, bold leadership, and unwavering commitment to the fundamental values that define human flourishing.

A Foundation Built on Timeless Principles

The parallels between then and now are profound:

  • Then, Five visionary leaders gathered to articulate the philosophical foundations of a new nation. Now, A new foundation emerges to advance strategic thinking on liberty’s most pressing challenges
  • Then, The Committee of Five understood that ideas must be coupled with practical wisdom. Now, The Liberty Values & Strategy Foundation bridges timeless principles with contemporary strategic insight
  • Then, They recognized that liberty requires constant vigilance and thoughtful stewardship. Now, We commit to that same vigilance in an increasingly complex world

In the shadow of Ethiopia’s Omo Valley, where the Mursi people etch resilience into their skin through lip plates and the Hamar tribe’s bull-jumping rites forge indomitable courage, a new chapter in the global fight for liberty begins. The Liberty Values & Strategy Foundation (LVS Foundation) launches today as a vanguard of 21st-century research, merging scholarly rigor with actionable strategy through its revolutionary Cohesive Research Ecosystem (CORE). Founded by Dr. Fundji Benedict—a scholar whose lineage intertwines Afrikaner grit, Ethiopian sovereignty, and Jewish perseverance—this institution embodies a legacy of defiance inherited from history’s most audacious truth-seekers, from Zora Neale Hurston to the warrior women of Ethiopia. This duality—scholarship as sword and shield—mirrors Dr. Benedict’s own journey. For 10+ years, she navigated bureaucratic inertia and geopolitical minefields, her resolve hardened by the Ethiopian women warriors who once defied Italian fascism.

 

 

I. The Hurston Imperative: Truth as a Weapon

Zora Neale Hurston, the Harlem Renaissance icon who “broke through racial barriers” and declared, “Truth is a letter from courage,” is the Foundation’s spiritual lodestar. Like Hurston, who documented Black life under Jim Crow with unflinching authenticity, the LVS Foundation wields research as both shield and scalpel. BRAVE, its human rights arm, intervenes in crises with the precision Hurston brought to folklore studies, transforming marginalized voices into policy. When Somali warlords displace the Gabra people or Ethiopian officials seize tribal lands, BRAVE acts with the urgency of Hurston’s anthropological missions, ensuring that “truth-telling becomes liberation”.

Dr. Benedict’s decade-long journey mirrors Hurston’s defiance. “My ancestors did not bow. I will not bow,” she asserts, her cadence echoing the Omo Valley’s ceremonial chants. This ethos permeates the Foundation’s CORE model, where BRAVE, COMPASS, and STRIDE operate in symphonic unity. “CORE is our answer to siloed thinking,” Dr. Benedict explains. “Through this cohesive ecosystem, BRAVE, COMPASS, and STRIDE work in concert—breaking down

barriers between academic research, fieldwork, and strategic action. This enables us to develop innovative solutions and stride toward lasting change”.

 

II. Necropolitics and the Battle for Human Dignity

The Foundation’s research agenda confronts necropolitics—a term coined by Achille Mbembe to describe regimes that decide “who may live and who must die”. In Somalia, where Al-Shabaab turns villages into killing fields, and South Africa, where post-apartheid politics increasingly marginalize minorities, the LVS Foundation exposes systemic dehumanization. STRIDE, now correctly positioned as the bulwark against terrorism and antisemitism, dismantles networks fueled by Qatari financing and ideological venom. COMPASS, the geopolitical hub, maps Qatar’s $6 billion influence campaigns, revealing how Doha’s alliances with Islamist groups destabilize democracies from Sahel to Paris, France.

“Qatar hides behind diplomatic immunity while funding mass murder,” Dr. Benedict states, citing Israeli intelligence linking Qatari funds to Hamas’s October 7 massacre. Meanwhile, BRAVE echoes fieldwork in Ethiopia’s Babille Elephant Sanctuary—where Dr. Benedict has studied bee barriers to resolve human-wildlife conflict—and epitomizes the Foundation’s ethos: “We turned conflict into cooperation, just as our ancestors turned adversity into art”.

 

III. The Ethiopian Woman Warrior: A Blueprint for Ferocity

The Foundation’s DNA is steeped in the legacy of Ethiopian women who weaponized intellect and audacity. Woizero Shewareged Gedle, who orchestrated prison breaks and ammunition heist during Italy’s occupation, finds her echo in STRIDE’s Intelligence operations. She struck an Italian officer mid-interrogation and declared, “You may imprison me, but you will not insult me”. Her defiance lives in STRIDE’s intelligence operations and BRAVE’s land-rights advocacy for all minorities like the Hamar, who endure ritual whipping to cement bonds of loyalty – a fight as visceral as it is cerebral -, but also the tribes or the Afrikaners in South Africa who face expropriation of their property without compensation. Dr. Benedict’s leadership rejects the false binary between academia and activism: “Research is not abstraction—it is alchemy. We transmute data into justice”.

 

IV. Conclusion: Lighting the Torch for Generations

The Liberty Values & Strategy Foundation stands as more than an institution—it is a living testament to the unyielding spirit of those who refuse to let darkness prevail. In a world where necropolitics reduces human lives to chess pieces and terrorism metastasizes in the shadows, the Foundation’s CORE research ecosystem illuminates a different path: one where rigorous scholarship becomes the catalyst for liberation. Every report published, every policy advocated, and every community defended is a reaffirmation of democracy’s most sacred tenet—that every life holds irreducible value.

Dr. Benedict’s vision transcends academic abstraction: BRAVE’s defense of pastoralist communities, COMPASS’s geopolitical cartography, and STRIDE’s dismantling of hate networks are not isolated acts but threads in a tapestry woven with the same audacity that Zora Neale Hurston brought to anthropology and Woizero Shewareged Gedle to resistance. The Foundation’s decade-long gestation mirrors the patience of Ethiopian honey hunters who wait years for the perfect hive—a reminder that enduring change demands both urgency and perseverance.

As a beacon for liberty, the LVS Foundation invites collaboration across borders and disciplines. To governments grappling with Qatar’s influence campaigns, to activists documenting human rights abuses, to citizens weary of complacency, the Foundation offers not just data but a blueprint for courage and defiance. Its research ecosystem—dynamic, interconnected, and unapologetically action-oriented—proves that knowledge, when wielded with integrity, can dismantle even the most entrenched systems of oppression.

 

The Torch Burns Bright

Over the past decade, Dr Benedict has combined rigorous academic work with on-the-ground engagement, building the knowledge and networks required to create this institution. Now, as the Foundation opens its doors, it stands as a testament to principled scholarship and action. In the legacy of Zora Neale Hurston’s fearless truth-telling, the LVS Foundation embraces the

power of knowledge guided by values. Crucially, the LVS Foundation maintains strict independence from any partisan or governmental funding. This non-partisanship is a cornerstone of its identity. “From day one, we refuse to be anyone’s instrument – no government, no party. Our independence guarantees that our voice remains unbiased and our research uncompromised,” Dr. Benedict emphasizes. “We owe that to the truth we seek. Hurston taught us about authenticity and courage; in that spirit, we will not pander or censor ourselves. We will ask the hard questions and pursue answers – wherever they lead – in service of liberty and human dignity.”

The revolution Dr. Benedict ignited is not hers alone. It belongs to every individual who dares to believe that democracy can be defended, that integrity can be restored, and that liberty is worth every sacrifice. Zora Neale Hurston once wrote, “There are years that ask questions and years that answer.” For the LVS Foundation, this is the year of answers and a responsibility to honor Hurston’s legacy by ensuring truth is not just spoken but lived. Those seeking to support Liberty Values & Strategy Foundation—through funding, fieldwork, or amplification—are welcomed at [email protected] or [email protected].